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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Morphological and Compositional Analysis of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induced by Microbial and Chemical Stimuli
Published on: November 4, 2022
Proteoglycofili are glycosaminoglycan-containing fibrillar components released by neutrophils to neutralize bacteria
Antonin C André1, Marina V Barroso2, Jurate Skerniskyte2
1Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, CNRS UPR9002, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1202, Unité Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 75015 Paris, France.
Abstract:
Here, we uncover that neutrophils release a fibrillar complex, named proteoglycofili (PGF), under hypoxic conditions or upon bacterial infection, using Shigella as a model. PGF are preferentially released by neutrophils over neutrophil extracellular traps upon bacterial infection. PGF are released by living neutrophils, do not contain DNA, are mainly composed of granule proteins, and contain cytokines. We reveal that the fibrillar structure of PGF is sustained by two glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate, released by neutrophils. We demonstrate that PGF are potent antimicrobials, which degrade virulence factors of Shigella and block its growth, similar to E. coli or Salmonella. GAGs are essential for PGF antimicrobial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Beyond bacterial infections, and reported in a mouse model of colon cancer, our results strongly suggest that GAGs may be released by neutrophils in a broad range of inflammatory diseases.
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