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Advanced polyelectrolyte complexes for ultrafast hemostasis and blood superabsorption.

Sajjad Fanaee1, Alireza Zabihihesari2, Tianqin Ning3

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Biomaterials & Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.

Acta Biomaterialia
|November 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New hemostatic sponges control bleeding by releasing polyphosphates (PP) through tunable electrostatic interactions. These superabsorbent devices significantly reduce clotting time and absorb large fluid volumes, improving trauma survival rates.

Keywords:
BleedingChitosanControlled releaseElectrostaticsHemostasisPolyphosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Hemostasis Research
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Hemorrhage is a major cause of trauma mortality.
  • Current hemostatic devices aim to control bleeding but have limitations.
  • Polyphosphates (PP) accelerate blood clotting but require controlled delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a superabsorbent hemostatic device with time-controlled release of procoagulant polyphosphates (PP).
  • To investigate the mechanism of PP binding and release from modified chitosan scaffolds.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the hemostatic sponges in controlling blood loss.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of modified chitosan sponge scaffolds with tunable electrostatic properties.
  • Characterization of polyphosphate (PP) binding and release kinetics using electrostatic interactions.
  • In vitro assessment of blood clotting time under static and dynamic conditions.
  • In vivo evaluation of hemostatic efficacy using a rat hepatic hemorrhage model.

Main Results:

  • The hemostatic sponges demonstrated controlled release of PP via competing electrostatic interactions.
  • Blood clotting time was reduced by up to 75% in vitro and in vivo.
  • The sponges exhibited superabsorbent properties, absorbing up to 25 times their dry mass in fluid within 8 hours.
  • Consistent efficacy was observed across in vitro and in vivo studies.

Conclusions:

  • A novel polyelectrolyte complex-based hemostatic sponge effectively controls bleeding.
  • Tunable electrostatic interactions enable time-controlled release of polyphosphates for enhanced hemostasis.
  • The superabsorbent and rapid clotting properties make these sponges suitable for managing various bleeding conditions.