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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
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Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
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Pruritis Ani.

Michael Newman1, Dipen Maun2, Scott Dolejs2

  • 1Ascension St. Vincent Surgical Residency Program, Ascension St. Vincent Ortho Center, 2001 West 86th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|November 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pruritus ani, or anal itching, is a common condition often caused by identifiable factors. Addressing the root cause and implementing proper hygiene significantly improves symptoms.

Keywords:
Anorectal hygieneDietary triggersItch-scratch-itch cycleMethylene bluePruritus aniTacrolimusTopical steroids

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Pruritus ani is defined as severe itching of the perianal skin.
  • Symptoms can be intermittent, constant, acute, or chronic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the etiologies, diagnostic workup, and therapeutic modalities for pruritus ani.
  • To emphasize the importance of identifying and correcting underlying causes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current medical literature on pruritus ani.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches including patient history and physical examination.
  • Overview of treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • An underlying cause is identified in 75% of pruritus ani cases.
  • Correction of underlying causes often leads to significant symptom improvement.
  • Treatment involves addressing the cause, hygiene education, trigger avoidance, and symptom management.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pruritus ani relies on identifying and treating the underlying etiology.
  • Patient education on anorectal hygiene and trigger avoidance is crucial.
  • A comprehensive approach combining medical and behavioral interventions ensures optimal outcomes.