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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Rectal Prolapse.

Jana Zeineddine1, Liliana Bordeianou2, Kimberly A Krautkramer1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|November 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rectal prolapse management requires a patient-centered approach, considering functional and anatomical factors. Evidence-based treatments, including minimally invasive surgery, offer effective solutions for this complex condition.

Keywords:
EnteroceleFull thickness prolapseInternal intussusceptionMucosal prolapsePelvic floor disorderPelvic organ prolapseRectal prolapseRectopexy

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Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Pelvic Floor Disorders

Background:

  • Rectal prolapse is a multifactorial condition impacting function and psychosocial well-being.
  • Understanding its pathophysiology is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of rectal prolapse pathophysiology.
  • To outline diagnostic evaluation and evidence-based management strategies.
  • To emphasize a patient-centered approach incorporating functional and anatomical factors.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.
  • Analysis of surgical approaches (perineal and abdominal) and minimally invasive techniques.
  • Emphasis on multidisciplinary correction of coexisting pelvic organ prolapse.

Main Results:

  • Both perineal and abdominal surgical approaches are effective for rectal prolapse.
  • Individualized operative planning based on patient characteristics and risk is supported by recent data.
  • Minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic approaches yield favorable outcomes in selected patients.

Conclusions:

  • Rectal prolapse management necessitates a patient-centered strategy.
  • Individualized surgical planning and consideration of minimally invasive options are key.
  • Multidisciplinary care is essential for addressing coexisting pelvic organ prolapse.