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MicroRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Patients, an Integrative Review.

Larissa Fernanda Campos Moreira da Silva1, Fabiana Pirani Carneiro2,3, Andrea Barretto Motoyama4,5,6

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Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show significant potential as biomarkers for breast cancer detection, prognosis, and treatment prediction. Accessible via liquid biopsy, these molecules offer a promising avenue for precision medicine and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
breast cancergene expressionintegrative reviewmicroRNAmolecular biomarkers

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in gene regulation.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression is implicated in various cancers, including breast cancer.
  • Current diagnostic and prognostic tools for breast cancer can be enhanced by novel biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize the current literature on differentially expressed miRNAs in breast cancer.
  • To identify miRNAs with diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value in breast cancer management.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for precision medicine in breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Integrative review of 42 articles published between 2005 and 2023.
  • Analysis of studies reporting miRNA expression in breast cancer patients across different stages.
  • Focus on miRNAs identified as potential diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive markers.

Main Results:

  • Multiple miRNAs exhibit significant potential for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-155, miR-200 family) are consistently associated with clinical parameters.
  • miRNAs are accessible through liquid biopsy, enabling non-invasive monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are promising biomarkers for early detection, molecular subtyping, and treatment response prediction in breast cancer.
  • Liquid biopsy-accessible miRNAs can complement conventional methods for personalized breast cancer care.
  • Further research into miRNAs can significantly improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.