Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026
In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors
Published on: July 16, 2018
Protocol for quantifying the thickness and puncture resistance properties of solitary bee cocoons using Osmia
Oran Wasserman1, Mallory R Wootton1, Spencer Fairbanks1
1Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
Abstract:
Solitary bee cocoons serve as protective barriers against parasitoids, yet their puncture resistance properties remain understudied. Here, we present a protocol for measuring puncture resistance in Osmia lignaria cocoons using custom 3D-printed fixtures. We describe steps for determining bee sex, preparing cocoon segments, measuring segment thickness, testing puncture resistance using 27.5-gauge sharp needles on an MTS Synergie 100 mechanical testing instrument, and analyzing the data. The protocol generates quantitative data on puncture resistance properties and thickness measurements for comparative studies.
