A systematic review on polysaccharides from Ophiopogonis Radix and Liriopes Radix: Advances in the preparation,...

Ophiopogonis Radix and Liriopes Radix (Maidong), a traditional Chinese medicine esteemed for its yin-nourishing and lung-moistening properties, is a rich source of bioactive polysaccharides (Maidong polysaccharides, MDPs). This review systematically consolidates recent advances (from 2018 to October 2025) in the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and diverse bioactivities of MDPs. Modern research reveals that MDPs exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and gut microbiota-regulating effects. These properties underpin their potential therapeutic applications in managing conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and inflammatory diseases. Despite promising findings, a clear understanding of the precise structural information and structure-activity relationships of MDPs remains limited. This comprehensive summary aims to lay a foundation for future research, highlighting the therapeutic potential of MDPs while identifying key areas requiring further investigation to fully exploit their health-promoting functions.