Tooth Extraction, Dental Visits, and Glucose Levels: a Retrospective Study

This study explored the association between tooth extraction, dental visit frequency, and blood glucose levels over a 3-year period in middle-aged and older adults using a large health insurance claims database (DeSC, Tokyo, Japan). Data from 31,373 individuals aged 45-70 years who participated in Specified Medical Checkups and Health Guidance between April 2018 and March 2022 were analyzed. Participants were categorized based on the frequency of their annual dental visits and tooth extractions. The primary outcome was high blood glucose level, defined as HbA1c≥6.5%, or fasting plasma glucose level, at ≥126 mg/dl. Individuals who underwent tooth extractions at baseline had lower odds of high blood glucose levels after 3 years, regardless of their baseline glycemic status. Participants with three or more yearly dental visits had lower odds of a high blood glucose level, particularly those with a high baseline blood glucose level and a body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m². These findings suggest an association between regular dental care and improved glycemic control, particularly in individuals with obesity. However, causal relationships cannot be inferred from this study, and further research is required to examine the impact of periodontal treatment and other dental interventions on diabetes management.