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The White Coat Effect Influences Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Dogs: Comparing Tonometry Values Obtained in
Ruth Pentlarge Barrow1, Travis Strong1, Kazuya Oikawa1,2
1Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin (WI), USA.
Veterinary Ophthalmology
|November 16, 2025
Summary
Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in dogs are significantly higher in a clinic setting compared to home. Acclimation in the home environment rapidly reduces IOP, highlighting the impact of stress on readings.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Ophthalmology
- Ophthalmology
- Canine Health
Background:
- Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a critical metric in veterinary ophthalmology.
- Clinic environments can induce stress in dogs, potentially affecting physiological measurements.
- Understanding environmental influences on IOP is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in normotensive dogs between a clinical setting and their home environment.
- To assess the impact of environmental stress on IOP readings in dogs.
Main Methods:
- A prospective crossover study involving 40 client-owned normotensive dogs.
- IOP was measured using a TonoVet rebound tonometer by a single observer.
- Measurements were taken in the clinic post-examination and in the home at two time points (0 and 10 minutes).
Main Results:
- Mean IOP was significantly higher in the clinic (15.7 mmHg) compared to the home environment at both 0 minutes (14.2 mmHg) and 10 minutes (12.9 mmHg).
- A significant decrease in IOP was observed within 10 minutes of acclimation in the home setting.
- No significant effect of testing site sequence on IOP was found.
Conclusions:
- Clinic-based IOP measurements in dogs tend to be elevated compared to home-based measurements.
- Environmental factors, particularly stress associated with the clinic, can rapidly influence IOP.
- Veterinarians should consider the potential for stress-induced elevation of IOP when interpreting tonometry results in dogs.
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