How to design real-world functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies: a primer

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers portability and motion tolerance, ideal for real-world research.
• Challenges exist in designing fNIRS experiments for dynamic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To address the lack of experimental design guidance for fNIRS studies.
• To improve the quality and applicability of fNIRS research in various settings.
• To focus on naturalistic, real-world research designs.

Main Methods:

• The study provides a primer on designing fNIRS studies.
• It outlines key design principles and considerations for fNIRS paradigms.
• Focuses on overcoming challenges in experimental design for real-world settings.

Main Results:

• Seven key design principles for fNIRS research are outlined.
• These principles guide researchers in creating effective fNIRS study designs.
• The guidance is particularly relevant for naturalistic research.

Conclusions:

• Effective experimental design is crucial for successful fNIRS research in real-world settings.
• Adhering to design principles enhances the quality and applicability of fNIRS studies.
• This work aims to educate new researchers and advance the field.