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Related Concept Videos

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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Neural Circuits01:25

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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
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Persistent memory in network topologies following temporary stimuli.

Federico Sevlever1,2,3, Ariel Waisman2, Santiago Miriuka2

  • 1Universidad de Buenos Aires, de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.

Iscience
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells remember past signals through molecular memory in gene networks. Positive feedback loops create lasting memory, while negative feedback can erase it, impacting cell fate decisions.

Keywords:
BioinformaticsComputermodelingSystems biology

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Area of Science:

  • Systems biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Cellular responses to transient stimuli are shaped by molecular memory.
  • Understanding how cells store and process information is crucial for cell fate determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mathematical framework for quantifying cellular memory.
  • To identify network motifs conferring memory and analyze memory dynamics in gene regulatory circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical framework to quantify memory.
  • Utilized computational models of signaling and gene regulatory networks.
  • Applied the framework to analyze gene expression data from mouse embryonic stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Positive feedback loops, especially those with bistability, sustain long-term molecular memory.
  • Certain negative feedback loops can erase memory, while oscillatory circuits store information in phase.
  • Different genes in mouse embryonic stem cells exhibit varying degrees of memory retention following differentiation cues.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular circuit architecture dictates the capacity for information storage and memory retention.
  • The developed framework offers a unified approach to compare memory across diverse biological systems.
  • Molecular memory plays a critical role in cell differentiation and response to environmental cues.