Epidemiology of Recurrent Herpes Labialis among Dentistry Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Egypt

Recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) is a common viral infection with significant psychosocial and clinical implications. Dental students are particularly vulnerable due to stress and frequent patient contact, yet data on their epidemiology in Egyptian cohorts are scarce. The study aimed to determine the prevalence, recurrence patterns, and associated risk factors of RHL among dentistry students in Egypt.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 559 dentistry students at the British University in Egypt. A structured, self-administered questionnaire captured sociodemographic data, history of RHL episodes, frequency, severity, and triggering factors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests; associations between risk factors and RHL were further explored using logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RHL prevalence was 28.3% (158/559). A total of 35.4% reported one episode/year, and 3.2% reported six or more. Stress (65.8%), common cold (51.3%), and low immunity (29.7%) were the most frequently reported triggers. Most symptoms were mild (52.5%) or moderate (39.9%). Quality of life was negatively impacted in 81.7% of cases, with significant associations to stress, symptom severity, and recurrence frequency (P < 0.05). Multivariable regression identified family history as the only independent predictor of RHL (AOR = 7.07, 95% CI: 4.40-11.35, P < 0.001).

RHL is highly prevalent among Egyptian dental students, with stress and sun exposure emerging as key risk factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies and awareness programs in dental institutions. Longitudinal studies are recommended to further clarify causality and recurrence patterns.