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Success Rate of Dental Implants in Patients with Autoimmune Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Raj Kiran Chitumalla1, Pillai Arun Gopinathan2, Faris Z Jamjoom1
1Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Aim:
Autoimmune disorders may affect bone metabolism and tissue healing, potentially influencing dental implant outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess implant survival and success in patients with autoimmune diseases, with particular focus on marginal bone loss (MBL) and bleeding on probing (BOP).
Materials And Methods:
A comprehensive search of seven databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Fourteen observational studies including 2657 participants were included. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model.
Results:
Implant survival rates ranged from 76.4% to 100% across autoimmune conditions. No significant differences in MBL were observed for patients with type 1 diabetes or Sjögren's syndrome compared to controls, while rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients showed significantly increased MBL [MD = 1.60 mm; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.13-2.07; P < 0.00001]. RA patients also had lower odds of BOP (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.05-0.36; P < 0.0001). Overall, autoimmune conditions were associated with reduced BOP (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.06-0.91; P = 0.04).
Conclusion:
Dental implants demonstrate favorable survival in autoimmune patients, although RA and diabetes may increase MBL risk. Tailored treatment planning and follow-up are essential. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm disease-specific risks.
