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Virtual reality simulation improves performance metrics in total knee arthroplasty training: A single-centre
Vanessa Kley1,2, Sabrina Chelli1,2, George Avram1,2
1University Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Centre of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Kantonsspital Baselland Bruderholz Switzerland.
Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
|November 17, 2025
Summary
Virtual reality (VR) training significantly improves orthopaedic residents' surgical skills for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This safe and effective method enhances learning curves by increasing completed steps and improving surgical site gaze.
Area of Science:
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Medical Simulation
- Surgical Education
Background:
- Surgical training for orthopaedic residents presents challenges.
- Limited data exists on virtual reality (VR) training for total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of VR-based training on orthopaedic residents' surgical performance in TKA.
- To analyze individual learning curves during VR-simulated TKA procedures.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal educational study involving 17 orthopaedic residents.
- Residents completed five weekly sessions on a VR TKA simulator, including knowledge and skills assessments.
- A fully immersive VR simulator (Fundamental VR Surgery HapticVR™) was utilized for TKA simulation.
Main Results:
- Significant improvements were observed in surgical skill evaluation with strong effect sizes.
- Residents successfully completed more surgical steps (0.11% increase, p=0.005) after VR training.
- Training reduced time per step (-22.73s, p=0.000) and improved surgical site gaze (9.65% increase, p=0.000).
Conclusions:
- VR-based training demonstrates a significant positive effect on the learning curve for TKA.
- Improvements in completed steps, time efficiency, and surgical site gaze were noted.
- VR training is a safe and effective alternative for training orthopaedic residents in TKA.
