The Median Palatine Suture: A Comprehensive Review With Clinical Considerations

Area of Science:

• Anatomy and developmental biology
• Maxillofacial surgery and orthodontics
• Forensic science

Background:

• The median palatine suture (MPS) is a midsagittal articulation forming the roof of the oral cavity.
• It comprises anteriorly fused maxillary palatine processes and posteriorly fused palatine bone horizontal plates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize classical knowledge with recent multidisciplinary advancements on the MPS.
• To provide a contemporary and holistic perspective on MPS anatomy, development, and clinical relevance.

Main Methods:

• Review of comparative anatomy, evolutionary origins, and molecular/cellular mechanisms of MPS development.
• Analysis of modern imaging modalities (CBCT, MRI) and AI for assessing sutural patency and maturation.
• Discussion of clinical applications in pathology, forensic age estimation, and orthodontic/surgical interventions (e.g., MARPE).

Main Results:

• The MPS plays a vital role in craniofacial development and maturation.
• Advanced imaging and AI offer new methods for evaluating MPS status.
• The MPS is significant in diagnosing conditions like cleft palate and aiding forensic age estimation.

Conclusions:

• The MPS is a critical structure with broad implications in medicine and forensic science.
• Further research into MPS development and response to mechanical forces is warranted.
• This review consolidates current knowledge, guiding future research and clinical practice in maxillofacial surgery and orthodontics.