A three-stage translocation model for revealing nanopore fingerprint signatures

To explain the force-driven translocation of charged biopolymers, a three-stage model is proposed for aerolysin nanopores. Combining theory and experiments, a positive relationship is demonstrated between the linear charge density-to-mass ratio of the analyte and its translocation velocity. This model demonstrates that the analyte accelerates during the pore-exit stage due to lower liquid viscous drag. This provides a framework for characterizing, modeling, and predicting nanopore fingerprints in biosensing applications.