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Relating Stomatal Conductance to Leaf Functional Traits
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Climate and hybridization shape stomatal trait evolution in Populus.

Michelle Zavala-Paez1, Stephen R Keller2, Jason Holliday3

  • 1Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16803, USA.

The New Phytologist
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interspecific gene flow in Populus hybrids influences stomatal trait evolution. Climate, especially precipitation, drives selection on genes controlling these traits, enhancing adaptive potential in changing environments.

Keywords:
Populusadaptationecophysiologyevolutionhybridsintrogressiontrees

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Area of Science:

  • Plant evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Climate change adaptation

Background:

  • Stomata are crucial for plant climate regulation.
  • Interspecific gene flow impacts trait evolution and adaptation.
  • Populus trichocarpa and Populus balsamifera hybrid zones offer insights into these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of interspecific gene flow and selection in stomatal trait evolution.
  • To identify genes influencing stomatal traits in Populus hybrids.
  • To understand how climate shapes local ancestry and adaptation in these contact zones.

Main Methods:

  • Whole genome resequencing of Populus species and hybrids.
  • Replicate common garden experiments to assess trait variation.
  • Admixture mapping and geographic cline analysis to identify candidate genes and gene flow patterns.

Main Results:

  • Hybrid stomatal traits generally resemble Populus trichocarpa.
  • Candidate genes, including TWIST, associated with stomatal development were identified.
  • Evidence suggests climate-driven selection shapes local ancestry at specific genes, indicating restricted gene flow and maintained adaptive differences.

Conclusions:

  • Climate, particularly precipitation, is a significant factor in shaping stomatal trait evolution in Populus.
  • Interspecific gene flow generates novel genetic combinations, potentially increasing adaptive capacity.
  • Understanding these evolutionary dynamics is crucial for predicting plant responses to environmental change.