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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Trifunctionalization of Aryl Iodides Involving Three C-H Activations via Palladium/Norbornene Catalysis
Zhengrui Zhou1, Chenmeng Sun1, Ting Zhong1
1Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
None:
Herein, we report a palladium/norbornene-catalyzed trifunctionalization of ortho-unsubstituted aryl iodides involving three C-H activations. This transformation employs anhydrides and benzyl bromides as different electrophiles to achieve ortho-C-H benzylation and acylation followed by intramolecular ipso-arylation, thus constructing 4-acyl-9H-fluorenes. Furthermore, the reaction can synthesize 4-acyl-9H-fluorenones via double ortho-C-H acylation and subsequent cyclization under benzyl bromide-free conditions. This protocol demonstrates excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, along with broad substrate scope.
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