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Treatments for Functional Neurological Disorder: A Practical Guide for Program Development.

Michael Martyna1, Julie Muccini2, Gisela Sandoval2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing specialized Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) programs is challenging due to limited resources. This review offers practical guidance for creating sustainable FND services outside major centers.

Keywords:
Conversion DisorderFND TreatmentFunctional Movement DisorderFunctional Neurological DisorderFunctional SeizuresProgram Development

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) presents diagnostic and treatment challenges, with limited evidence-based resources available.
  • Developing specialized FND programs, especially outside tertiary care, requires guidance on sustainable implementation and multidisciplinary collaboration.
  • Clinicians and administrators frequently seek resources for establishing new FND programs, indicating a need for practical, unified perspectives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide practical guidance for developing and implementing specialized Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) programs.
  • To address frequently asked questions regarding patient selection, staffing, funding, and operational logistics for FND services.
  • To enhance provider knowledge and confidence in establishing FND care and overcome common barriers to program development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on FND program development and implementation.
  • Drawing on the authors' experience establishing an FND program at Stanford University School of Medicine.
  • Discussion of practical considerations including diagnosis, evidence-based treatments, work, disability, and driving.

Main Results:

  • Identified common challenges in FND program development, including patient selection, staffing, and funding.
  • Highlighted the need for a unified approach to multidisciplinary team roles in FND care.
  • Presented the authors' program as a model while discussing alternative working structures.

Conclusions:

  • This review aims to equip providers with the knowledge and confidence to establish effective and sustainable FND services.
  • By addressing practical barriers, this resource seeks to improve access to care for individuals with Functional Neurological Disorder.
  • The article provides a framework for developing specialized FND programs, fostering better patient outcomes and provider support.