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Unique Control of Upstrokes and Downstrokes Yields Expressive Dynamics in Percussion
Tristan Loria1, Jessica E Teich2, Melissa Tan2
1Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, College of Education, Sport, & Human Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Journal of Motor Behavior
|November 17, 2025
Summary
Percussionists use distinct movement strategies for musical dynamics. Mallet height and hand velocity change differently during crescendos versus decrescendos, revealing limb-specific motor control for percussion performance.
Area of Science:
- Music Performance Science
- Motor Control
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Percussion performance involves complex motor control for dynamic variations.
- Understanding kinematic strategies in percussion dynamics is crucial for technique development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate kinematic and directional motor control strategies during crescendo and decrescendo in percussion.
- To analyze hand and mallet movements related to dynamic changes in musical performance.
Main Methods:
- Sixteen percussionists performed musical excerpts under crescendo and decrescendo conditions.
- Motion capture technology analyzed peak and average mallet/hand height and velocity.
- Upstrokes and downstrokes were analyzed to assess execution and directional control.
Main Results:
- Peak mallet heights increased during crescendos and decreased during decrescendos.
- Hand velocity patterns differed between crescendo and decrescendo, with limb-specific effects observed.
- Upstroke hand velocity was lower in crescendos, while downstroke velocity was higher.
Conclusions:
- Distinct motor control strategies are employed for executing and directionally controlling percussion movements.
- Limb-specific mechanisms contribute to managing dynamic changes in percussion.
- Findings can inform percussion pedagogy and performance technique.
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