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Correction to "How Effective Are Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polyurethane Nanofibers in Promoting Vascular Tissue Engineering? Structural, Mechanical, In Vitro and In Vivo Performance".

ACS applied bio materials·2026

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How Effective Are Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polyurethane Nanofibers in Promoting Vascular Tissue Engineering?

Mohammad Abdollahi1,2, Afsaneh Jahani1,2,3, Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori4,5

  • 1Orthopedic Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed co-electrospun PET/PU scaffolds for small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs). These advanced materials show promising mechanical properties and biocompatibility, reducing risks of thrombosis and hyperplasia for improved cardiovascular disease treatment.

Keywords:
co-electrospunelectrospun nanofibrouspolyethylene terephthalatepolyurethanevascular tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Vascular Tissue Engineering
  • Polymer Nanofibers

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death globally.
  • Small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) face challenges like thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia.
  • Vascular tissue engineering (VTE) aims to create effective blood vessel replacements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize co-electrospun polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) nanofibrous scaffolds.
  • To evaluate their structural, mechanical, and biological properties for SDVG applications.
  • To assess their in vivo performance in carotid artery implantation models.

Main Methods:

  • Co-electrospinning of PET and PU at various weight ratios.
  • Structural analysis via FE-SEM and FTIR.
  • Mechanical testing (tensile strength, Young's modulus, burst pressure, compliance).
  • Biocompatibility assays (NIH/3T3 cell viability).
  • In vivo implantation in rat and sheep carotid arteries.

Main Results:

  • Uniformly distributed, bead-free nanofibers with tunable porosity (63-82%).
  • Mechanical properties (tensile strength, Young's modulus, burst pressure, compliance) closely matched native vessels.
  • Enhanced NIH/3T3 cell viability (up to 3.8x increase at day 7 for PET/PU 25:75).
  • Successful in vivo performance with controlled inflammation, tissue integration, and 8-month patency without thrombosis or hyperplasia.

Conclusions:

  • Co-electrospun PET/PU scaffolds offer a promising solution for SDVG development.
  • Specific ratios (75:25 and 25:75) demonstrate optimal structural, mechanical, and biological characteristics.
  • These scaffolds show potential for reducing CVD-related complications and improving patient outcomes.