Unraveling cognitive impairments in mental and neurological disorders: A biomarker-based mapping framework

This systematic review investigates the intricate relationships between cognitive skill impairments and mental and neurological disorders (MNDs) through neurophysiological, neurochemical, and connectivity-based biomarkers. The paper systematically maps the six primary cognitive domains, complex attention, learning and memory, language, executive function, social cognition, and perceptual-motor function, and their subdomains, as defined by the DSM-5, to 11 major MNDs, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorder. The study identifies critical biomarkers such as EEG band power, event-related potentials (ERPs), microstate dynamics, Connectivity measures, and neurotransmitter imbalances, elucidating their role in linking specific cognitive impairments with MNDs. Additionally, the paper introduces an interactive tool that allows researchers and clinicians to explore dynamic mappings among biomarkers, cognitive skills, and MNDs, facilitating tailored analyses and evidence-based decision-making. This comprehensive mapping advances our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of MNDs and underscores the potential of biomarker-based approaches for improving diagnostic precision and designing targeted therapeutic strategies.