[Research progress and optimization strategies for early screening of type 1 diabetes]

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Endocrinology
• Immunology

Background:

• Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) prevalence is rising globally, significantly impacting children's quality of life.
• Complications of T1DM, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, pose serious health risks.
• Early detection through screening can mitigate severe complications and preserve pancreatic beta-cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize current domestic and international screening technologies for T1DM.
• To highlight the importance of early screening in high-risk pediatric populations.
• To discuss the potential of novel screening markers for improved T1DM detection.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on T1DM screening technologies.
• Analysis of established screening markers including diabetes-related antibodies and glycometabolic indicators.
• Exploration of emerging markers linked to T1DM pathogenesis.

Main Results:

• Current T1DM screening primarily relies on detecting diabetes-related antibodies and glycometabolic markers.
• Factors involved in T1DM pathogenesis are emerging as potentially sensitive screening tools.
• International and domestic screening strategies share common methodologies.

Conclusions:

• Expanding T1DM screening programs, particularly in China, is vital for enhancing early diagnosis and timely treatment.
• Continued research into novel screening markers can further improve the efficacy of T1DM detection.
• Effective screening strategies are essential for managing the increasing burden of T1DM in children.