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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

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Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

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Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems

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Body:Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

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Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis
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Lignin Molecular Modification Enhancing Its Bioaccessibility and Biotransformation.

Tongtong Zhang1,2,3, Ziyi Zhao1,2, Tao Xu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Synthetic Biology and Biomanufacturing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|November 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modifying lignin with hydrophilic groups improved its dispersibility and microbial conversion. This enhanced lignin biotransformation into lipids by Rhodococcus opacus PD630, particularly with coupled hydroxymethylation-amination.

Keywords:
bioaccessibilitybiorefinerybiotransformationhydrophilic functional groupslignin valorizationmolecular modification

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemistry
  • Microbial Engineering

Background:

  • Lignin's poor dispersibility in aqueous media limits its microbial conversion.
  • Enhancing lignin's bioaccessibility is crucial for its effective utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To modify enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) by introducing hydrophilic functional groups.
  • To improve lignin's dispersibility and enhance its bioconversion into lipids.

Main Methods:

  • Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) was modified via hydroxymethylation, carboxymethylation, and amination.
  • Particle size reduction was measured for modified lignins (H-EHL, C-EHL, HA-EHL, CA-EHL).
  • Rhodococcus opacus PD630 was used for bioconversion of modified lignins into lipids.

Main Results:

  • Modified lignins showed reduced average particle diameters (e.g., HA-EHL: 181 nm, CA-EHL: 169 nm).
  • Cell dry weight increased significantly in modified lignin media compared to EHL (e.g., HA-EHL: 57%).
  • Lipid production increased across all modified lignins, with HA-EHL showing a 41% increase over EHL.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular modification effectively enhances lignin dispersibility in fermentation media.
  • Improved dispersibility promotes efficient lignin biotransformation into valuable products like lipids.
  • Coupled hydroxymethylation-amination (HA-EHL) demonstrated superior performance in lignin bioconversion.