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Risk factors for cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes patients.

Asieh Mansour1, Camellia Akhgarjand2, Athena Dehghan Najm Abadi3

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Cognitive impairment is common in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Longer diabetes duration, especially over 8.5 years, significantly increases the risk of cognitive decline in T2DM patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a growing global health concern.
  • Cognitive impairment is a frequent complication of T2DM.
  • Identifying risk factors for cognitive impairment in T2DM is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate risk factors for cognitive impairment in adults with T2DM.
  • To establish a basis for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline in T2DM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of adults (≥18 years) with T2DM and available laboratory data.
  • Exclusion of individuals with severe cognitive or neurological disorders.
  • Cognitive function assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); scores <26 indicated impairment.

Main Results:

  • Out of 229 participants, 93% (213) exhibited cognitive impairment.
  • A longer duration of diabetes was independently associated with cognitive impairment (OR: 1.188, P=0.007).
  • The optimal duration threshold for predicting cognitive impairment was 8.5 years (AUC: 0.693).

Conclusions:

  • Increased diabetes duration is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment in T2DM.
  • Each additional year of diabetes increases the odds of cognitive decline by 18%.
  • Cognitive monitoring is recommended for individuals with diabetes exceeding 8.5 years for early detection and intervention.