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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
Published on: June 11, 2019
Applicability of Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Devices: A Systematic
Sarina Zakavi1,2, Mohammad Rafie Khorgami3, Pedram Babaee4
1School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, tums.ac.ir.
Purpose:
The utilization of stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is still limited.
Methods:
The study was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with ID CRD42023457308. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, ProQuest, and CINAHL databases were searched using the Mesh and related terms of CMR imaging, stress, and CIEDs.
Results:
Out of the 1695 papers we found, eight met our inclusion criteria. We reviewed the included studies and provided a concluding remark concerning (a) image quality; (b) CMR compatibility, scanner, and safety; (c) device protocols and exclusion criteria; (d) vasodilator choices, effects, and safety; and (e) clinical outcomes.
Conclusion:
This study has demonstrated a positive trend in the utilization of stress CMR in MR-conditional devices. However, the review has identified multiple research gaps that warrant further investigation.
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Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
