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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Preclinical Drug Testing in Scalable 3D Engineered Muscle Tissues
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[Statin-induced muscle symptoms].

Peter Breining1,2,3, Christian Sørensen Bork4, Lars Erik Bartels5,6

  • 1Medicinsk Diagnostisk Center, Hospitalsenhed Midt.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|November 18, 2025
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Summary

Statin-induced muscle symptoms are often a nocebo effect, not caused by the drug. Patients can often restart statins successfully after counseling, improving cardiovascular disease prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health concern.
  • Statins are crucial for CVD prevention.
  • Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are frequently reported, but randomized trials suggest a significant nocebo effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence on statin-induced muscle symptoms.
  • To explore the role of the nocebo effect in SAMS.
  • To provide guidance for managing patients experiencing muscle symptoms during statin therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of randomized trials and recent studies on statin therapy and muscle symptoms.
  • Analysis of the impact of patient information and counseling on symptom perception.
  • Synthesis of clinical strategies for managing SAMS.

Main Results:

  • A strong nocebo effect is implicated in many reported statin-induced muscle symptoms.
  • Patients often successfully resume statin therapy after being informed that their symptoms are not drug-related.
  • Alternative causes for muscle symptoms should be thoroughly investigated.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians must carefully assess muscle symptoms, differentiating between true side effects and nocebo responses.
  • Strategies like dose reduction, switching statins, or intermittent dosing can maintain adherence.
  • Effective management of SAMS is vital for continued cardiovascular event prevention.