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Design and validation of a poly-L-lysine dendrimer-based rapamycin delivery system for intracranial drug-coated balloons.

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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate PolyLactic Acid Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size

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Integrating Disease Mechanisms and Design Strategies in Gradient Biomaterials for Soft-Hard Tissue Interfaces.

Tan Chen¹, Yao Jiang¹, Jiaping Huang¹

¹Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials

|November 19, 2025

Summary

Gradient biomaterials offer a promising approach for regenerating complex soft-hard tissue interfaces, outperforming traditional methods by mimicking natural tissue gradients for better integration and function.

Keywords:

disease mechanisms gradient biomaterials soft‐hard tissue interfaces tissue engineering

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Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Soft-hard tissue interfaces are crucial for load transfer but prone to injury.
Current repair strategies fail to replicate native gradients, limiting regeneration.
Fragmented research hinders understanding of gradient designs across different interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize progress in gradient biomaterials for soft-hard tissue interfaces.
To compare gradient versus nongradient strategies and assess native-like regeneration.
To identify universal design principles for complex interface regeneration.

Main Methods:

Literature review integrating disease mechanisms and material innovations.
Comparative analysis of gradient and nongradient approaches.
Synthesis of commonalities and differences across tendon-bone, cartilage-bone, and other interfaces.

Main Results:

Gradient designs show potential for superior native-like regeneration compared to nongradient strategies.
Emerging fabrication technologies are advancing gradient biomaterial development.
Understanding disease mechanisms is key to optimizing gradient material design.

Conclusions:

Gradient biomaterials are essential for effective soft-hard tissue interface regeneration.
Further research is needed to overcome translational challenges and establish universal design principles.
This review provides a framework for developing clinically effective gradient biomaterials.