Effects of Photobiomodulation on Nervous System Disorders: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Photomedicine

Background:

• Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), is an emerging therapeutic strategy for neurological conditions.
• PBM's effects on neural tissue involve light absorption by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), enhancing ATP synthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
• These molecular events trigger intracellular signaling cascades, influencing neural structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize current knowledge on the effects of PBM on nervous system disorders.
• To review findings from both preclinical and clinical investigations of PBM for neurological conditions.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was performed using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline.
• Keywords included "low-level laser therapy," "photobiomodulation," and "nervous system diseases."

Main Results:

• The review covers PBM applications across central and peripheral nervous system disorders.
• Findings demonstrate diverse methods of PBM for neural tissue stimulation and modulation.
• Evidence suggests PBM's potential for positive biological changes in neural tissues.

Conclusions:

• Photobiomodulation presents a non-invasive treatment option for nervous system disorders.
• Further research is needed to optimize PBM protocols and establish long-term efficacy and safety.
• PBM holds potential for various neurological conditions, warranting continued investigation.