Efficient Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Using Hybrid Two-Step Inkjet Printing with Edge Isolation Precision

Developing high-efficiency perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PSTs) using scalable deposition methods is crucial for the industrialization of next-generation photovoltaics. However, developing industrially viable deposition techniques to ensure high performance, uniformity, and compatibility with existing silicon manufacturing remains a key challenge. A scalable hybrid two-step deposition process, combining evaporation and inkjet printing, is presented for fabrication of high-performance PSTs. Wide bandgap perovskite solar cells are achieved with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 19.8%. Applying this approach to textured silicon bottom cells, the process ensures conformal perovskite growth, critical for industry-relevant tandem integration. Using this technique, highly efficient, fully textured PSTs with a PCE of 27.4% are fabricated. Homogeneous perovskite thin films are formed up to the substrate's very edge, enabling industry standards for silicon edge isolation. These results highlight the potential of hybrid two-step inkjet printing for scalable, high-efficiency PST fabrication, paving the way for industrial adoption.