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Updated: Jan 11, 2026
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Methods for Precisely Localized Transfer of Cells or DNA into Early Postimplantation Mouse Embryos
Published on: December 25, 2015
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Magnetically Controlled Microrobots for In Vivo Non-Invasive Embryo Transfer.
Azaam Aziz1, David Castellanos-Robles2,3, Zhi Chen2
1Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Dresden, Germany.
Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|November 19, 2025
Summary
A novel microrobotic embryo transfer (μET) technique uses magnetically actuated microcarriers for non-invasive embryo delivery. This innovative approach aims to improve in vivo assisted reproduction success rates by enabling targeted and gentle embryo transport.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Reproductive Medicine
- Robotics
Background:
- Infertility affects millions globally, with low implantation rates in assisted reproduction technology (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
- Existing methods face challenges including stress, lifestyle factors, uterine conditions, and limited availability of high-quality blastocysts.
- Previous intrafallopian transfer techniques (GIFT/ZIFT) declined due to IVF advancements and procedural variability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a non-invasive microrobotic embryo transfer (μET) technique for improved in vivo assisted reproduction.
- To develop and demonstrate magnetically actuated microrobots for precise embryo capture, transport, and release.
- To investigate the feasibility of microrobotic delivery for enhanced embryo development and implantation.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of magnetically actuated spiral microrobots using laser direct writing.
- Characterization of microrobot motion performance and implementation of image-guided closed-loop control.
- Development of dual ultrasound (US)/photoacoustic (PA) tracking for deep-tissue interventions and preliminary studies with biodegradable gelatin-based microrobots.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated successful capture, transport, and release of embryos in murine uteri using microrobots.
- Validated microrobot motion control and deep-tissue tracking capabilities.
- Preliminary studies showed microrobots support embryo-like structures and explored endometrial remodeling post-transfer.
Conclusions:
- Microrobotic embryo transfer (μET) offers an effective, minimally invasive strategy for in vivo assisted reproduction.
- This technology provides a more natural, targeted approach to embryo delivery, potentially improving success rates.
- Further development of biodegradable microrobots and in vivo studies are crucial for clinical translation.
