Radiological Evaluation of Extrathoracic Tuberculosis in Pediatric Patients

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a global health concern. Although thoracic TB is the most common manifestation, TB can also affect extrathoracic sites, including the central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and abdomen. The incidence of extrathoracic TB in children is higher compared to adults. This study aimed to examine the radiological findings of pediatric extrathoracic TB involvement in the central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and abdomen.

The radiological features of 19 patients diagnosed with extrathoracic TB in childhood at Erciyes University Medical School between 2011 and 2024 were examined retrospectively. Patient gender, age, medical history, and laboratory data were reviewed from the hospital archiving systems.

Nineteen patients diagnosed with extrathoracic TB were evaluated. Ten patients (52.9%) were female, and nine (47.1%) were male. The mean age was 97.5±20.8 months (ranging from 2 to 300 months). Three patients (15.8%) were immunocompromised, and nine patients (47.1%) had coexisting pulmonary TB. Central nervous system involvement was observed in six patients (31.6%), musculoskeletal system involvement in ten patients (52.6%), and abdominal involvement in three patients (15.8%).

Recognizing the classic radiological findings of pediatric extrathoracic pulmonary TB is crucial for prompt diagnosis, initiation of appropriate treatment, and prevention of long-term morbidity.