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Household Poverty and Obesity in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report From COG-AALL03N1

Karnika Mehrotra1, Yanjun Chen2, Joshua Richman2,3

  • 1University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Pediatric Blood & Cancer
|November 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) living in poverty face a higher risk of obesity. This study highlights a vulnerable pediatric cancer population needing targeted interventions for weight management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a significant health concern.
  • Socioeconomic factors, particularly household poverty, may influence health outcomes in pediatric ALL survivors.
  • The relationship between poverty and obesity in children with ALL is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between household poverty and the risk of obesity in children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Children's Oncology Group study AALL03N1.
  • Categorized household poverty based on reported annual income and US Census Bureau thresholds.
  • Assessed obesity using height and weight measurements at study enrollment.
  • Employed multivariable logistic regression to analyze the odds of obesity.

Main Results:

  • Children with ALL living in poverty exhibited 1.5-fold increased odds of obesity (95% CI: 1.0-2.3, p=0.04).
  • Poverty status was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of obesity in this pediatric cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Household poverty is a significant risk factor for obesity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
  • Children with ALL from low-income households represent a vulnerable population requiring focused obesity prevention and management strategies.
  • These findings underscore the importance of addressing socioeconomic disparities in pediatric cancer care.

Keywords:
acute lymphoblastic leukemiaobesitypoverty

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