Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Creative Motivation and Self-Efficacy Moderate the Differences in Individual Creativity Performance in Interactive Situations.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Influence of emotional states on incongruity-resolution and nonsense humour processing.

International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie·2024

Same author

Weighting Assessment of the Effect of Chinese State-Changing Words on Emotions.

Journal of psycholinguistic research·2023

Same author

Verification of the Four-Stage Model of Humor Processing: Evidence from an fMRI Study by Three-Element Verbal Jokes.

Brain sciences·2023

Same author

Cultural Differences in How People Deal with Ridicule and Laughter: Differential Item Functioning between the Taiwanese Chinese and Canadian English Versions of the PhoPhiKat-45.

European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education·2023

Same author

Humor Styles and Marital Satisfaction: Cluster Analysis of the Relationship.

Psychological reports·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

Cool and Hot Executive Functions in The Brain Network: Insight From a New Assessment Instrument for Measuring Cool

Pei-Zhen Chen¹, Ching-Lin Wu^2,3, Hsueh-Chih Chen^1,3,4

¹Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwa.

|November 19, 2025

Summary

This study reveals how emotional stimuli affect executive functions. Brain network analysis showed enhanced neural integration efficiency when processing preferred stimuli, impacting decision-making.

Keywords:

Simon Task approach-avoidance rule brain network cool executive function diffusion tensor imaging hot executive function

More Related Videos

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Published on: February 8, 2018

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Published on: February 8, 2018

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Brain Imaging

Background:

Executive functions are crucial for goal-directed behavior.
Distinguishing between 'cool' (neutral) and 'hot' (emotional/motivational) executive functions is vital.
Existing tasks often fail to capture the nuances of hot executive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neural underpinnings of cool and hot executive functions.
To analyze brain network alterations associated with emotional and motivational stimuli.
To establish the Cool/Hot Simon Task as a tool for assessing hot executive function.

Main Methods:

138 participants completed the Cool/Hot Simon Task and underwent brain imaging (fMRI/EEG).
Behavioral data (reaction time, Simon effect) were analyzed across cool and hot conditions.
Brain network properties (clustering coefficient, global/local efficiency, path length) were correlated with task performance.

Main Results:

Reaction times were faster in the cool condition compared to the hot condition.
The hot condition showed a stronger Simon effect for preference (approach) stimuli than aversion (avoidance) stimuli.
Positive correlations were found between the hot Simon effect (preference) and neural integration efficiency (clustering coefficient, global/local efficiency), with a negative correlation for characteristic path length.
Cool Simon effect was linked to the left superior parietal lobule, while the hot Simon effect was associated with the left inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus.

Conclusions:

Emotional and motivational stimuli significantly influence executive function performance.
Processing preferred stimuli enhances neural integration efficiency in specific brain networks.
The Cool/Hot Simon Task effectively differentiates cool and hot executive functions, offering a valuable assessment tool.