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Updated: Jan 6, 2026
A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement
Published on: February 22, 2022
High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Ventricular-Arterial Coupling (VAC) in
Caroline Ferraz Simões1,2, Rogério Toshiro Passos Okawa1,3, João Carlos Locatelli1,4
1Research Group on Systemic Arterial Hypertension, Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging, Maringa, Brazil.
Aim:
To investigate the effects of an 8-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) program on ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) in young women with obesity.
Methods:
Twenty-four obese women completed an 8-week supervised aerobic training program (3 sessions/week) assigned to either HIIT (n = 11) or MICT (n = 13). The HIIT protocol involved four 4-min bouts at 85%-95% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax), while the MICT consisted of continuous walking/running for 41 min at 65%-75% of HRmax. VAC was assessed using two methods: (1) the ratio of pulse wave velocity to global longitudinal strain (PWV/GLS), and (2) the ratio of arterial to ventricular elastance (Ea/Ees).
Results:
Both HIIT (-0.35 ± 0.01 to -0.31 ± 0.05 m/s%; p = 0.005) and MICT (-0.35 ± 0.01 to -0.30 ± 0.05 m/s%; p = 0.003) significantly improved the PWV/GLS ratio. However, only HIIT led to a significant reduction in the Ea/Ees ratio (0.88 ± 0.07 to 0.80 ± 0.09 mmHg/mL; p = 0.024), with a significant correlation between relative changes in PWV/GLS and Ea/Ees ratio (r = 0.749; p = 0.008).
Conclusions:
Both HIIT and MICT improved VAC as assessed by PWV/GLS ratio in young obese women. In contrast, elastance-derived improvements (Ea/Ees) were observed only following HIIT. These findings suggest that PWV/GLS may serve as a more sensitive and integrative marker for detecting exercise-induced improvements in VAC.
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