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Related Concept Videos

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Factors Affecting Illness01:18

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Classification of Illness01:17

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Related Experiment Video

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Income-Well-Being Gradient in Sickness and Health.

Ohto Kanninen1, Petri Böckerman2, Ilpo Suoniemi3

  • 1Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Health Economics
|November 20, 2025
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This study finds income is more valuable when sick, highlighting the importance of sickness insurance. Our research uses life satisfaction data to understand the financial impact of illness.

Keywords:
life satisfactionoptimal benefitrisk aversionsickness absencesocial insurancestate dependence

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Insurance Value Analysis
  • Econometrics

Background:

  • Understanding the economic value of insurance is crucial for policy decisions.
  • Individual well-being and life satisfaction are key indicators of economic status.
  • Previous studies often overlook the specific financial implications of sickness on individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for assessing the economic value of insurance.
  • To analyze how sickness impacts individual well-being and income utility.
  • To inform optimal policy calculations for sickness insurance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized German panel survey data on life satisfaction.
  • Employed a flexible utility function to model the income-well-being gradient.
  • Compared marginal utility of income in sick versus healthy states, incorporating a fixed cost of sickness.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a higher marginal utility of income during periods of sickness.
  • Quantified the differences in utility between healthy and sick states.
  • Provided empirical estimates for optimal policy considerations.

Conclusions:

  • The findings underscore the significant financial strain associated with illness.
  • The developed method offers a robust approach to valuing insurance.
  • Results contribute to optimizing sickness insurance policies for societal benefit.