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Microstructural Insights Into LATP Ceramic Nanofibers for High-Performance Quasi-Solid-State Batteries.

Sivaraj Pazhaniswamy1,2, Matteo Bianchini2,3, Shweta Hiwase4

  • 1Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom.

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Summary

This study introduces a green synthesis of lithium aluminum titanium phosphate nanofibers (LATP-NFs) for advanced quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries. The novel composite solid-state electrolyte demonstrates suppressed dendrite growth and enhanced battery performance.

Keywords:
ceramic nanofiberdendrite suppressionelectrospinningpolymer–ceramic compositesolid‐state metal battery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Composite solid-state electrolytes (CPEs) are crucial for quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries (QSLMBs), offering high ionic conductivity, electrochemical performance, and thermal stability.
  • Conventional CPEs often struggle to significantly improve critical current density and rate performance due to limitations in ceramic particle dispersion within polymer matrices.
  • Developing advanced ceramic nanofibers is essential for overcoming these limitations and enhancing QSLMB safety and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a green synthesis of NASICON-type Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 ceramic nanofibers (LATP-NFs) using electrospinning.
  • To optimize LATP-NF synthesis parameters for controlled microstructures.
  • To evaluate the performance of a CPE incorporating LATP-NFs in QSLMBs.

Main Methods:

  • Green synthesis of LATP-NFs via electrospinning, optimizing solvent type, precursor concentrations, heating rates, and calcination temperatures.
  • Fabrication of a composite solid-state electrolyte by embedding 30 wt.% LATP-NF into a poly(vinylidene fluoride)-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PVDF-LiTFSI) matrix.
  • Characterization of the CPE's ionic conductivity, thermal and electrochemical stability, mechanical strength, and lithium dendrite suppression capabilities.
  • Assembly and testing of a LiFePO4|LATP-30|Li battery cell to assess rate performance and cycling stability.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized LATP-NFs were successfully embedded into a PVDF-LiTFSI matrix, forming a CPE with ionic conductivity of 0.21 mS cm-1 at room temperature.
  • The resulting CPE exhibited good thermal and electrochemical stability (>5 V) and enhanced mechanical strength.
  • The LATP-30 CPE effectively suppressed lithium dendrite growth, achieving a high critical current density of 10 mA cm-2.
  • The LFP|LATP-30|Li cell demonstrated excellent rate capability (169 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C, 101 mAh g-1 at 10 C) and long-term cycling stability (97% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.5 C).

Conclusions:

  • The green synthesis of LATP-NFs via electrospinning provides a sustainable and non-toxic strategy for producing advanced ceramic nanofibers.
  • The developed LATP-30 CPE significantly enhances the critical current density and rate performance of QSLMBs by effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth.
  • This work demonstrates a promising approach for fabricating high-performance and safe quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries.