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Radiation-Responsive Coacervates Through Controlled Self-Immolative Demembranization.

Lixia Liu1, Yuqing Qiao1, Chula Sa1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed radiation-responsive coacervates using self-immolative polymers. These novel biomaterials offer enhanced stability and controlled release for biomedical applications, improving cellular bioengineering and cancer therapy.

Keywords:
CoacervatesLiquid–Liquid phase separationRadiation chemistrySelf‐immolative polymerStimuli‐responsive polymer

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Coacervates formed via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) mimic membraneless organelles and serve as microreactors.
  • Challenges include coacervate instability and lack of stimulus-responsive release for biomedical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop radiation-responsive coacervates with enhanced stability and controlled release capabilities.
  • To investigate the use of self-immolative polymer (SIP)-membranized coacervates for modulating enzyme cascade kinetics via gamma radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of coacervates encapsulated within a self-immolative polymer (SIP) membrane.
  • Exposure of SIP-membranized coacervates to radiotherapeutic gamma rays to trigger membrane depolymerization.
  • Monitoring changes in coacervate fluidity, transmembrane transport, and enzyme cascade kinetics.
  • Application in living cells to modulate nitric oxide (NO) generation and assess NO-mediated radiosensitization.

Main Results:

  • SIP-membranized coacervates demonstrated improved kinetic stability and resistance to fusion.
  • Gamma radiation induced SIP membrane depolymerization, increasing coacervate fluidity and transmembrane transport.
  • Radiation exposure precisely regulated enzyme cascade reactions within the coacervates.
  • Controlled NO generation in cells enhanced cytotoxicity via radiosensitization.

Conclusions:

  • Developed radiation-responsive LLPS constructs with tunable properties.
  • Demonstrated potential for precise control over intracellular biochemical reactions using external stimuli.
  • Paved the way for advanced cellular bioengineering and combined radio-chemotherapy strategies.