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Fluorescence-Guided Raman Spectroscopy with an Integrated Adapter for Faster and Cost-Effective Microplastic

Anna Kukkola1, Liam Kelleher1, Iseult Lynch1

  • 1School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

Analytical Chemistry
|November 20, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a cost-effective, integrated system for microplastic (MP) analysis, combining fluorescence staining and Raman spectroscopy. The new method significantly reduces analysis time and improves microplastic identification accuracy in environmental samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Microplastic (MP) contamination is widespread across environmental and biological matrices.
  • The lack of standardized detection methods hinders consistent and reliable MP research.
  • Existing analytical techniques can be time-consuming and lack efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an integrated, cost-effective analytical system for enhanced microplastic detection and identification.
  • To improve the efficiency and accuracy of microplastic analysis in environmental samples.
  • To combine fluorescence staining with Raman spectroscopy in a single instrument.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a cost-effective adapter to integrate Nile Red fluorescence staining with Raman spectroscopy.
  • Evaluated the system's performance using ten different polymer types.
  • Assessed the system's validity by analyzing river and drinking water samples.
  • Compared analysis time and identification accuracy with and without fluorescence-guided prescreening.

Main Results:

  • The integrated system demonstrated compatibility between fluorescence staining and Raman spectroscopy without interference.
  • Analysis time was reduced by an average of 84% (33 min).
  • Microplastic identification accuracy increased to 87% with fluorescence-guided prescreening, compared to 9% without.
  • Improved analytical accuracy was achieved due to fluorescence prescreening selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed integrated system offers a significant cost-effective advancement for microplastic analysis in laboratories.
  • The system enhances selectivity and increases sample throughput for Raman spectroscopy users.
  • This approach overcomes challenges associated with standardized microplastic detection techniques.