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Thermophilic Biohydrogen Production Utilizing Green-Synthesized Hydroxyapatite (HAP): Insights into Substrate
Shishita Zahan Zisha1, Hasfalina Che Man1, Rozita Omar1
1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
|November 20, 2025
Summary
Eco-friendly hydroxyapatite (HAP) from eggshells enhances thermophilic biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent (POME). Optimal conditions yielded maximum hydrogen, demonstrating a sustainable wastewater treatment strategy.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Environmental Science
- Renewable Energy
Background:
- Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a high-strength wastewater posing environmental challenges.
- Biohydrogen production offers a sustainable alternative for POME valorization.
- Thermophilic fermentation presents advantages for industrial biohydrogen processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To enhance thermophilic biohydrogen production from POME using hydroxyapatite (HAP) derived from waste eggshells.
- To optimize POME concentration and organic loading rate (OLR) for maximum hydrogen yield.
- To investigate the impact of HAP on microbial granulation and reactor performance.
Main Methods:
- Synthesized HAP from waste eggshells and used it as a bio-additive.
- Conducted batch fermentation under thermophilic conditions (60°C) with varying POME concentrations (4-20 g/L).
- Evaluated OLR effects over 183 days and analyzed microbial structure using SEM.
Main Results:
- Maximum hydrogen yield (2.19 ± 0.43 mol H2/mol sugar) and production rate (1.24 ± 0.62 L H2/L·day) achieved at 16 g/L POME.
- Optimal OLR (8.89 g VS/L) promoted compact, EPS-rich bio-granules and stable hydrogenogenic activity.
- HAP supplementation stimulated microbial activity and cell immobilization.
Conclusions:
- HAP derived from waste eggshells is an effective bio-additive for enhancing thermophilic biohydrogen production from POME.
- Optimized substrate concentration and OLR are crucial for maximizing hydrogen yield and process stability.
- The integrated approach offers a sustainable strategy for treating high-strength wastewater and producing renewable energy.
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