Evaluation of Wound Healing in Wistar Rat Model via Curcumin-Functionalized Copper Nanoparticle Ointment

Wound healing remains a major clinical challenge, often requiring treatments that combine antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, a novel topical ointment containing curcumin functionalized copper nanoparticles (Cur-CuNPs) was developed and evaluated for wound-healing. Copper nanoparticles were green synthesized using Crossandra infundibuliformis leaf extract, followed by curcumin functionalization to enhance the stability, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities. The formulated ointments were characterized and evaluated in Wistar albino rats with topical application daily for 16 days significantly accelerated wound contraction, enhanced re-epithelialization, and promoted organized collagen deposition in treated groups. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and reduced lipid peroxidation levels. ELISA-based cytokine profiling showed reduced levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-6). Gene expression analysis showed increased VEGF expression together with reduced MMP-9 and IL-6 expression, while immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased Ki-67 and CD31 in Cur-CuNP-treated wounds. Collectively, these findings suggest that Cur- CuNP ointment promote wound healing with antioxidant activity, reduced inflammation, enhanced cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, highlighting their potential as multifunctional topical therapeutics.