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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
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The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
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Daily Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Do Not Differ During Interval Compared to Continuous Exercise Training

Jorn Trommelen1, Martin J MacInnis2, Joshua P Nederveen2

  • 1Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
|November 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) similarly impact myofibrillar protein synthesis. This 2-week study found no significant differences in muscle growth rates between the two exercise types in young men.

Keywords:
aerobic exercisedeuterated waterexercise intensityheavy watermuscle protein synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Skeletal Muscle Biology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are popular exercise modalities.
  • The comparative effects of work-matched HIIT and MICT on skeletal muscle adaptation, specifically myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS), are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of short-term, work-matched HIIT versus MICT on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates.
  • To compare the skeletal muscle adaptive responses to these two training protocols within a controlled within-participant design.

Main Methods:

  • A single-leg, within-participant design was employed in ten healthy young men over a 2-week period.
  • Participants underwent either HIIT or MICT in one leg, with the contralateral leg serving as a control or receiving the alternative training.
  • Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were assessed using deuterated water and skeletal muscle biopsies.

Main Results:

  • Both HIIT and MICT led to significant increases in single-leg maximal power output, with no difference between the training modalities.
  • Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates did not significantly differ between the habituation period, MICT, or HIIT (1.39 ± 0.16%, 1.24 ± 0.30%, and 1.42 ± 0.31% per day, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Short-term, work-matched HIIT and MICT elicit comparable rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis in recreationally active young men.
  • These findings suggest that both training modalities may support muscle hypertrophy to a similar extent when matched for total work over a 2-week period.