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Pediatric Anaphylaxis in the Emergency Department: From Mechanisms to Personalized Care

Ghaith K Mansour1, Yara AlGoraini2

  • 1Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfaisal University College of Pharmacy, Riyadh, SAU.

Cureus
|November 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric anaphylaxis is a serious emergency in children requiring prompt epinephrine treatment. New strategies aim to improve care and reduce severe outcomes in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pediatric anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction with unpredictable onset and rapid progression.
  • It involves mast cell activation via IgE-dependent and non-IgE pathways, causing systemic immune responses.
  • Current management hinges on timely epinephrine administration, complicated by pediatric-specific dosing and delivery challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding and management of pediatric anaphylaxis.
  • To highlight challenges in pediatric anaphylaxis treatment, including dosing and delivery.
  • To discuss emerging strategies for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric anaphylaxis management.
  • Analysis of IgE-dependent and non-IgE mediated pathways.
  • Evaluation of current and novel treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Anaphylaxis in children is a critical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
  • Epinephrine dosing and administration in pediatric patients present unique difficulties.
  • Individualized treatment and precision-based care show promise for better outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric anaphylaxis necessitates timely epinephrine use.
  • Emerging approaches like alternative routes and tailored strategies may enhance treatment efficacy.
  • Multidisciplinary coordination is crucial for minimizing morbidity and mortality in pediatric anaphylaxis.

Keywords:
emergency medicineepinephrine pharmacokineticsmast cell degranulationpediatric anaphylaxisprecision dosing

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