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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
460
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
330
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

201
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Hoagland Sign-A Common Diagnosis Preceded by an Uncommon Sign.

Joana Azevedo Silva, Raquel Santos, Mafalda Cascais

    Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners
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    Summary

    Infectious mononucleosis, caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), can present with Hoagland sign (periorbital edema). Recognizing this early sign is crucial for prompt diagnosis and management of EBV infection.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Virology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Infectious mononucleosis, commonly caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), typically manifests with fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.
    • Hoagland sign, characterized by periorbital edema, is a less frequent but potentially early indicator of EBV infection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the significance of Hoagland sign as an early manifestation of infectious mononucleosis.
    • To present a case report illustrating the diagnostic importance of periorbital edema in EBV infection.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report of a 16-year-old female patient.
    • Clinical examination including assessment of eyelid edema, tonsillar hypertrophy, and cervical lymphadenopathy.
    • Laboratory investigations: complete blood count with differential, liver function tests, and specific serological tests for EBV (Paul-Bunnell test, EBV serologies).

    Main Results:

    • The patient presented with progressive bilateral periorbital edema, fatigue, fever, and myalgia.
    • Laboratory findings included lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, thrombocytopenia, and elevated transaminases.
    • Diagnosis of acute EBV infection was confirmed via positive Paul-Bunnell test and EBV serologies.
    • Initial management required hospitalization due to severe oropharyngeal symptoms.

    Conclusions:

    • Hoagland sign can be an important early clinical clue for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis.
    • Timely recognition of periorbital edema aids in the prompt diagnosis and management of EBV infections.
    • This case emphasizes the need for clinicians to consider EBV in patients presenting with unexplained periorbital edema.