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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells

Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells

Published on: October 22, 2012

T Cell Antigen Discovery Using Cell-Based Epitope Libraries.

Paul M Zdinak^1,2, Sanya Arshad¹, Venkata Krishna Kanth Makani^1,3

¹Center for Systems Immunology and the Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|November 21, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying T cell receptor (TCR) specificities is key to understanding health and disease. The Signaling and Antigen-presenting Bifunctional Receptors (SABRs) platform enables antigen discovery for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Keywords:

Antigen discovery Epitope libraries SABR libraries T cell receptor deconvolution

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A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

Published on: March 25, 2014

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A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

Published on: March 25, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

T cells recognize antigens via T cell receptors (TCRs), making TCR specificity identification critical for biomedical research.
Existing antigen discovery methods have limitations in deconvoluting TCRs.
The development of novel platforms is essential for advancing our understanding of T cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and detail the Signaling and Antigen-presenting Bifunctional Receptors (SABRs) platform for T cell antigen discovery.
To provide a comprehensive overview of generating SABR libraries and conducting SABR screens.
To enable the identification of cognate epitopes for a given TCR.

Main Methods:

Development of a cell-based antigen discovery platform utilizing chimeric receptors (SABRs).
Construction of large epitope libraries within the SABR framework.
Application of SABR screens for the deconvolution of TCR specificities.
Adaptation of the platform for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell antigen discovery.

Main Results:

The SABR platform enables the presentation of covalently linked epitopes to T cells.
Recognition of presented epitopes by T cells induces a readable signal.
The modularity of SABRs facilitates antigen discovery across different T cell types.
Successful application of SABRs for deconvoluting TCR specificities.

Conclusions:

The SABR platform offers a robust and versatile method for T cell antigen discovery.
This technology is crucial for advancing research in immunology and related diseases.
Continued refinement of SABRs promises further improvements in antigen identification.