Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.2K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.2K
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

1.4K
An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
1.4K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

675
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
675
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

629
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
629
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

757
Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...
757
Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

999
Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
999

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optimization of the magnetic difference calibration method on Huan Liu-3 tokamak.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Calcium Drives Salivary Bioenergetics.

Journal of dental research·2026
Same author

Microturbulence Suppression by Alfvén Eigenmodes in the DIII-D Tokamak.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

[Research advances in drug repurposing strategies for synergistic sensitization of colorectal cancer immunotherapy​].

Zhonghua wei chang wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of gastrointestinal surgery·2025
Same author

Scaling law for defining the relativistic shift of the high field side electron cyclotron emission diagnostics on the tokamak device.

The Review of scientific instruments·2025
Same author

Electron cyclotron emission quasi-optical transmission system on the HL-3 tokamak.

The Review of scientific instruments·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations
06:51

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

Published on: August 21, 2018

7.4K

Multi-scale Interaction Mechanism for Edge-Localized-Mode Suppression in the Tokamak Edge.

Zeyu Li1, P H Diamond2, Xi Chen3

  • 1General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA. lizeyu@fusion.gat.com.

Nature Communications
|November 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microscopic turbulence can regulate edge-localized modes (ELMs) in fusion energy reactors. Small-scale turbulence scatters large-scale instabilities, preventing damage and enabling high-performance plasma confinement.

More Related Videos

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters
15:25

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters

Published on: February 4, 2018

6.5K
Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators
11:44

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators

Published on: August 15, 2014

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations
06:51

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

Published on: August 21, 2018

7.4K
Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters
15:25

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters

Published on: February 4, 2018

6.5K
Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators
11:44

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators

Published on: August 15, 2014

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Fusion Energy
  • Turbulence Dynamics

Background:

  • Fusion energy reactors require high-confinement modes for optimal performance.
  • Edge-localized modes (ELMs) are disruptive instabilities that arise in the plasma edge, causing heat loads and damaging reactor components.
  • Reconciling high-confinement modes with ELM mitigation is a central challenge in fusion energy research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of multiscale interactions between microscopic turbulence and macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic modes for self-organized ELM regulation.
  • To establish a nonlinear principle for ELM stability by understanding how ambient micro-turbulence influences macroscopic instabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Direct quantitative measurements of multiscale modes, eddy dynamics, and turbulent flux.
  • Modeling and theoretical analysis of turbulence-instability interactions.
  • Investigating the scattering of large-scale peeling-ballooning modes by small-scale electron drift wave turbulence.

Main Results:

  • Microscopic turbulence actively scatters macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic modes (peeling-ballooning modes).
  • This scattering decorrelates the pressure and velocity fields of ELMs, arresting their growth.
  • The suppression mechanism is effective even beyond conventional linear stability thresholds.

Conclusions:

  • Multiscale interactions offer a promising pathway for self-organized ELM regulation in fusion reactors.
  • Ambient micro-turbulence can be leveraged to maintain a macro-stable, high-performance plasma pedestal.
  • This work establishes a novel nonlinear principle for ELM stability crucial for future fusion energy devices.