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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

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Association between intraocular pressure and climate parameters.

Ryo Terauchi1, Kota Fukai2, Kyoko Ito3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. r.terauchi0813@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|November 21, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate, specifically air temperature, is linked to changes in intraocular pressure (IOP). Lower temperatures correlate with higher IOP, suggesting environmental factors influence eye health. Further research is needed for clinical applications.

Keywords:
Air pressureAir temperatureClimate parameterHumidityIntraocular pressure

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Environmental Health
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a critical factor in ocular health, particularly for conditions like glaucoma.
  • Environmental factors, such as climate, may influence physiological parameters like IOP, but their impact is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between key climate parameters (air temperature, air pressure, humidity) and intraocular pressure (IOP).
  • To analyze large-scale datasets to determine if climate influences IOP measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two large, multicenter cross-sectional datasets (Japan Ningen Dock Study and Jikei dataset) comprising over 1.4 million participants.
  • Collected daily climate data (temperature, pressure, humidity) from the Japan Meteorological Agency.
  • Employed multiple linear regression analysis, adjusting for known IOP-related factors, to assess climate parameter associations with IOP.

Main Results:

  • A significant negative correlation was found between air temperature and IOP in both datasets (P < 0.001).
  • Neither air pressure nor relative humidity showed a statistically significant association with IOP.
  • Sensitivity analysis suggested a potentially stronger, though not statistically significant, relationship between IOP and temperature in colder regions (R = -0.21, P = 0.174).

Conclusions:

  • Air temperature is a significant climatic factor associated with variations in intraocular pressure.
  • The findings highlight the need to consider environmental conditions, especially temperature, when interpreting IOP measurements.
  • Further investigation into the clinical implications of temperature-related IOP fluctuations is warranted.