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Nanohydroxyapatite and its composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering application: a systematic review.

Shital Shendage1, Yen San Chan2, Jia-Yaw Chang3

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) show promise as biocompatible bone substitutes. These materials offer enhanced properties for bone regeneration, addressing limitations of traditional grafts in orthopedics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Orthopedic challenges like osteoporosis and bone tumors necessitate advanced bone substitute materials.
  • Traditional autograft and allograft techniques have limitations, driving demand for alternatives.
  • Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a key biomaterial due to its presence in bone and favorable properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review hydroxyapatite (HAp) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) for bone tissue engineering.
  • To explore the history, properties, and synthesis of HAp and nHAp.
  • To discuss composite materials incorporating HAp/nHAp for enhanced bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of HAp and nHAp in bone tissue engineering.
  • Analysis of HAp and nHAp properties, synthesis, and modifications.
  • Examination of composite materials for orthopedic applications.

Main Results:

  • HAp is the primary inorganic component of bone, exhibiting bioactivity and osteointegration.
  • Nanoscale modification (nHAp) increases surface area, improving drug loading and bone recovery.
  • Composites of HAp/nHAp with metals, polymers, and ceramics show potential for bone regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • HAp and nHAp are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.
  • Nanohydroxyapatite offers enhanced properties for orthopedic applications.
  • Further research into HAp/nHAp composites can advance bone regeneration strategies.