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Related Concept Videos

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Overview01:11

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Overview

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Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates compounds based on their polarity. TLC typically uses polar silica gel, a form of silicon dioxide, as the stationary phase. The silica gel contains hydroxyl (OH) groups on its surface, which form hydrogen bonds with polar compounds, influencing their adhesion to the stationary phase.
To begin the analysis, a mixture of compounds is spotted on the starting line on the TLC plate using a thin capillary. The bottom of the...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

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Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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Chromatographic Methods: Classification01:12

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

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Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
Chromatographic techniques are typically named by...
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Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

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In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
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Enantioseparation by Thin-Layer Chromatography.

Ravi Bhushan1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India. rbushfcy@iitr.ac.in.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral thin-layer chromatography (TLC) offers a cost-effective method for separating enantiomers, crucial for active pharmaceutical ingredients. This technique complements high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in analytical research and quality control.

Keywords:
Active pharmaceutical ingredientsChiral additive in achiral stationary phaseChiral additive in the mobile phaseChiral reagentEnantiomer separationLigand exchangeThin-layer chromatography

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis

Background:

  • Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a widely used technique in organic synthesis and analytical research.
  • Chiral TLC offers a simple, cost-effective method for analyzing enantiomeric purity of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other racemates.
  • It serves as a valuable complement to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe various chiral TLC approaches for enantioseparation.
  • To highlight the application of chiral TLC in separating amino acids and basic drugs.
  • To demonstrate the versatility of chiral TLC in pharmaceutical and chemical analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Direct enantioseparation using chiral additive in achiral stationary phase (CAASP).
  • Chiral mobile-phase additive (CMPA) approach.
  • Premixing of chiral reagent with the enantiomeric mixture.
  • Ligand exchange approach utilizing copper metal complexes.

Main Results:

  • Successful enantioseparation of various compounds including (±)-ketamine, (RS)-ketorolac, β-adrenergic drugs, and DL-dansyl amino acids.
  • Demonstrated efficacy of different chiral selectors such as quinine, erythromycin, tartaric acid, naproxen, BSA, and L-amino acids.
  • Showcased the use of both pre-coated and custom-prepared TLC plates.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral TLC is a powerful and accessible technique for enantiomeric resolution and quality control.
  • The described methods provide efficient and cost-effective solutions for chiral separations.
  • Chiral TLC is a valuable complementary technique to HPLC in diverse analytical applications.