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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
Published on: March 30, 2015
A Novel Imaging-Guided Classification System for Completely Endophytic Renal Tumors: Strategies for Optimal Partial
Keruo Wang1, Jianwei Zhang2, Wenzhe Zhou1
1Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Background:
Completely endophytic renal tumors (CERTs) pose significant challenges in surgical decision-making owing to their intricate anatomical locations and structures. Currently, clinical practice lacks a standardized classification system to guide surgical approaches for CERTs situated in diverse anatomical regions. This study proposes an innovative imaging-guided classification system designed to facilitate personalized surgical guidance. In addition, we evaluated the system's effectiveness in improving surgical precision and clinical outcomes.
Patients And Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 190 patients with CERT who underwent partial nephrectomy (PN) at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 2018 to 2024. Utilizing the novel imaging-based CERT classification, optimal surgical strategies were identified for each subtype. The clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative renal function recovery, and prognostic outcomes among patient subgroups were systematically assessed. Furthermore, independent predictors of Trifecta achievement in patients with CERT following PN were identified.
Results:
The 190 CERT cases were classified into three categories on the basis of imaging criteria: Type I (N = 57), Type II (N = 107; subdivided into IIa: 70, and IIb: 37), and Type III (N = 26). Compared with Types I and II, patients classified as Type III demonstrated significantly higher P.A.D.U.A. and R.E.N.A.L. scores, longer operative times, increased warm ischemia times (WITs), and notably lower Trifecta achievement rates. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified ASA score, tumor size, and the newly proposed CERT classification system as independent predictors of Trifecta achievement.
Conclusions:
The imaging-guided CERT classification system effectively guides personalized surgical planning, enhances surgical precision, and promotes improved postoperative renal function recovery. Research registration unique identifying number (UIN): UNI:NCT06954571.
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